IP testing is commonly used in various industries, including electronics, automotive, outdoor equipment, lighting, and other sectors where protection against solids and liquids is essential. The IP rating provides manufacturers, customers, and users with a standardized way to evaluate and compare the level of protection offered by different products.

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The IP rating comprises two numbers: the first digit represents the level of protection against solid objects (dust, dirt, etc.), and the second digit represents the level of protection against water. Let’s look at each digit in detail:

Protection against Solid Objects (first digit):

No protection

1: Protection against solid objects larger than 50 mm (e.g., the back of a hand)

2: Protection against solid objects larger than 12.5 mm (e.g., fingers)

3: Protection against solid objects larger than 2.5 mm (e.g., tools, wires)

4: Protection against solid objects larger than 1 mm (e.g., small tools, wires)

5: Dust protected (limited ingress, but cannot completely prevent dust entry)

6: Dust tight (no ingress of dust)

Protection against Water (second digit):

0: No protection

1: Protection against vertically falling drops of water (e.g., condensation)

2: Protection against vertically falling drops of water when the enclosure is tilted up to 15 degrees

3: Protection against spraying water (e.g., rain) up to 60 degrees from vertical

4: Protection against splashing water from any direction

5: Protection against water jets from any direction (limited ingress permitted)

6: Protection against powerful water jets and waves (e.g., ship deck) or temporary immersion in water

7: Protection against the effects of immersion in water up to 1 meter depth for a limited time

8: Protection against the effects of continuous immersion in water under specified conditions

During IP testing, the enclosure or device is subjected to specific tests based on the desired IP rating. These tests involve exposing the enclosure to solid particles of various sizes and water under specific conditions to assess its ability to prevent ingress. The testing may include procedures such as dust chamber testing, water spray testing, water immersion testing, and more.